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PCB manufacturing

Single-layer PCBs are the simplest type of PCBs and are coated with a single layer of conducting material and a layer of solder mask. The PCB’s components are marked with a silkscreen.
Double-layer PCBs have a layer of conducting material on both the top and bottom of the board, which gives them more flexibility and a smaller size than single-layer PCBs.
Multi-layer PCBs have more than two conductive layers and are used in more complex applications.

PCBA - PCB assembly

Surface-Mount Technology Surface-mount technology (SMT) is an assembly process that involves mounting electronic components to the surface of a PCB. It is highly automated and flexible, and it allows for higher connection densities. It enables manufacturers to place complex circuitries into small components.

The four basic steps of PCBA SMT are :

1.
Preparing the PCB: First, the assembler places solder paste where it is needed on board.
2.
Placing the components: Next, the assembler places the components on the board, typically using a pick-and-place machine.
3.
Reflow soldering: The assembler then heats the boards in a reflow oven until the solder paste reaches the temperature required for the solder joints to form.
4.
Inspection: he assembler conducts inspections throughout the SMT process, including before attaching the components and before and after reflow soldering.

Thru-Hole Technology Thru-hole technology is an assembly process that involves drilling holes into a PCB through which electronic components called leads can be attached. It is an older technology than SMT but creates a stronger connection between the board and the components, which makes for more durable and reliable assemblies. Thru-hole assembly can be either fully automated or semi-automated.

The steps of the PCBA thru-hole process include:

1.
Drilling the holes: The first step in the thru-hole process involves drilling holes into the board. These holes must be the right size for the component leads.
2.
Placing the leads:Next, the assembler places the leads in the holes.
3.
Soldering: The next step in the process is soldering. This step ensures the components are held firmly in place.

components are held firmly in place.

Inspection: Throughout the process, the assembly undergoes inspections to ensure the PCBA will function as expected.

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